「台灣,不為人知的一面!」
─FIDH台灣人權現況報告發表

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2013/04/23

International Federation For Human Rights、台灣人權促進會、尤美女委員辦公室、林淑芬委員辦公室、蕭美琴委員辦公室、鄭麗君委員辦公室、段宜康委員辦公室主辦

過去廿多年來,台灣透過和平改革,結束了戒嚴威權體制,努力地建構民主與人權保障機制。然而作為國際社會中長期缺席的孤兒,台灣是如何歷經這些轉變,在2009年政府自願批淮聯合國兩項重要人權公約後,台灣人權的真實狀況又是如何?這一連串的發展,引起了國際社會的好奇與關注。總部位於法國巴黎的國際人權聯盟(FIDH),在芬蘭外交部的經費贊助下,於去年11月派出3位代表(FIDH前副主席Danthong Breen、印尼非政府組織KontraS研究員Kencana Putri、FIDH亞洲部主任David Knaute)來台進行10天的調查任務,訪台期間密集與台灣官方代表、民間NGO組織進行訪談,希望能透過這次任務,讓國際社會更全面了解台灣人權的現況與挑戰。歷經3個多月的撰寫、持續觀察與修正,這份台灣人權現況最新的中/英/法文報告『The Hidden Face ofTaiwan』(台灣,不為人知的一面),今天正式對外發表。

台灣自1970年代起,在經濟上取得傲人的成長,也自1980年代末期推動民主改革,然而在這些光鮮發展下的外衣下,今日台灣還是有許多不為外界所知的問題,也往往是政府刻意隱瞞的一面。因此任務調查小組的任務即是向國際社會揭露更全面的資訊。這份報告指出,雖然過去二十多年來,台灣的人權狀況確有進步,仍有許多國內法、政策、規定不符合國際人權標準,亟待補正其缺漏。

例如在關鍵的死刑議題上,台灣過去三年多來共21件死刑執行,完全與政府所宣稱的「減少死刑使用」背道而馳。且2月底國家人權報告審查的結論性意見(57點)中,國際專家明確指出:「根據公政公約第6條第4項,受死刑宣告者有請求特赦或減刑之權。這表示死刑的執行必須暫停,直到相關程序適當的終結為止。專家認為過去三年執行的15個死刑案件,似乎都違反了公約的這個條款。」過去廢死聯盟曾代為提出相關聲請,但在台灣根本無任何赦免程序的大漏洞下,政府遲遲未作補正,法務部已大開殺戒。法務部本身是兩公約幕僚機關,馬英九自誇其推動批淮兩公約的政績,但從總統到第一線官員通通無視公約條文精神與其一般性意見之補充,刻意扭曲胡亂解釋公約條文,違法執行死刑!

又如,在經濟、社會以及文化權利領域,台灣同時面臨許多重要挑戰,且國內相關法制更為不足,像都市更新及鄉村土地徵收背後發展思維中,忽視資訊透明、公眾參與等重要民主元素,決策偏好大幅倒向財團,完全不利於一般市民或更為弱勢的社群。以上個月遭法院執行強制拆遷的華光社區為例,其聚落生成有其

特殊歷史發展背景,但土地所有人法務部無視這些社會結構因素,也未依《經濟社文化權利國際公約》第4號及第7號一般性意見,開啟相關協商管道或提供替代安置措施,公權力機關即逕自以民法對老弱居民提起不當訴訟,甚致出動警力配合強制拆遷。台灣政府此等無視自己批淮的人權公約所要求的國家責任,反而帶頭作出不良示範侵害人權,令人遺憾。

國際人權聯盟在全球有164個團體會員,他們常常透過與在地會員組織合作,派出觀察員到各個國家當地親自進行人權侵害事件的調查,以掌握運動現場資訊,重現事實真相。除了解個別人權事件外,更重要的是掌握全面制度結構問題,在其報告中進一步提出具體建議,並透過各種倡議方式,促進該國人權之改善。

因此,國際人權聯盟最後向台灣政府分別就:國家人權架構、轉型正義、死刑制度、監獄環境以及司法革新、女性及LGBT之權利、移工政策、環境權以及原住民族土地權以及居住權等等,提出了相關建議。

這份報告已於4月16日由FIDH副祕書長Florence Bellivier,當面送交給馬英九總統。FIDH也正透過其在全球100多個國家的會員組織網絡,把這份最新的台灣人權報告,提供給各國政府與國際重要政府組織,如聯合國人權專家、歐洲理事會、歐盟、泛美洲國家組織等機構,希望引起國際社會對於台灣人權現況的了解和重視。

新聞聯絡人: 蔡季勳 0935157170(台灣人權促進會祕書長)

International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH)

Taiwan Association for Human Rights (TAHR) The hidden face of Taiwan: lessons learnt from the ICCPR/ICESCR review process

Taipei, Paris. 22 April 2013. In February, FIDH and TAHR attended a week of meetings organized by the government of Taiwan and a panel of international experts to review progress achieved in the domestic implementation of ICCPR and ICESCR.[1] In a report published today, “The hidden face of Taiwan: lessons learnt from the ICCPR/ICESCR review process”, FIDH and TAHR highlight their key findings and recommendations, and conclude that while key legislation and important reforms have been undertaken in Taiwan over the past decade, urgent steps are still needed to bring human right practice in line with international standards.

“We entitled our report the ”Hidden Face of Taiwan” to stress that Taiwan cannot only be hailed as an economic success. It remains a young democracy, and faces numerous human rights challenges. It is therefore essential to support the endeavor of the Taiwanese government and civil society to strengthen a still fragile human rights culture”, said Souhayr Belhassen, FIDH president.

During a joint fact-finding mission organised in November, FIDH and TAHR identified the death penalty and the administration of justice as some of the most pressing human rights concerns.

“We are particularly dismayed by the execution on 19 April of six death row prisoners, which follows the execution in December 2012 of six other prisoners, the day following the adoption by the UN General Assembly of a resolution calling for a universal moratorium on death penalty. Taiwan was one of the 21 States worldwide that carried out executions in 2012 and will remain one of the few countries carrying out executions in 2013”, said Wellington Koo, TAHR president.

“Experience in other countries shows that public opposition to abolition, raised by the authorities, eventually ends, as people realize that abolition does not result in an increase of crime rates”, added Danthong Breen, director of the Union for Civil Liberty, who represented FIDH during the review meetings in February.

The report by FIDH and TAHR also highlights problems related to land rights, housing rights, environmental rights, the continued marginalization of indigenous people and human rights abuses affecting women and migrants from poorer countries in Asia.

“Human rights are universal, and we cannot accept some official statements made right after the visit to Taipei of ten highly respected international experts, that some rights, including the right to housing, need to be adapted to the national context. It is unfortunate that the government is trying to evade an escalating number of scandals resulting from the forced eviction of vulnerable communities from their homes and lands, both in urban and rural areas”, concluded Souhayr Belhassen.

Press contact: press@fidh.org

[1] In spite of its absence from the United Nations since 1971, the Government of Taiwan ratified in 2009 the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). In April 2012, it published an initial progress report, which was reviewed by a panel of international experts from 25 February to 1 March 2013. The experts included: Manfred Nowak (Austria), Philip Alston (Australia), Nisuke Ando (Japan), Virginia Bonoan-Dandan (Philippines), Theodor van Boven (Netherlands), Jerome Cohen (USA), Shanthi Dairiam (Malaysia), Asma Jahangir (Pakistan), Eibe Riedel (Germany) and Heisoo Shin (South Korea).

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